Say hello to Norway !

The country I have chosen is Norway

A small introduction of the country : Norway

It's a country which is located in northern of Europe and which belongs to Scandinavia. Moreover, it has a total area of 385,252km² and its population stands at 5 million persons.
The capital city of this country is Olso.

Obviously, when it comes to Norway, you think about things it's famous for : Well, first of all, it's known for its fish industries ( Cf salmon and cod ), and also for its oil industries.
It has beautiful green landscapes and " Fjords" too !

Here are some pictures of them 

But, Norway's known for its great mathematicians as well !
Here is a list of some of them :Carl Anton Bjerknes, Odd Magnus Faltinsen, Johan Galtung, Cato Maximilian  Guldberg, Sophus Lie, Casspar Wessel and Niels Henrick Abel.

The one I have chosen was Niels Henrick Abel:
He was obviously a famous norwegian  mathematician of the 19th century, but he was also known around the world.
Abel was born on August 5th 1802 and died in April 1889.

He worked on Abelian function, abelian group and was known for his theorem : "the abelian theorem".
The abel prize was established in his memory.

One of his work caught my eye :  He prooved the impossibility of solving a quintic equation.





For exemple : Here you have a general algebraic solution for a quadratic equation.
So He tried to find a general algebraic solution to polynomial equation of degree 5 (or higher), but he couldn't.
Pretty interesting no? =)

Die Schweiz (Switzerland)

Switzerland is a small landlocked European country of 41 285 square kilometers divided by 26 cantons with Bern as the capital city, and Zurich as the largest one. It is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.The country has four official languages: German, French, Italian and Romansh, it is more a confederation than a cultural country, and has for motto:  "Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno" (One for all, all for one). The Swiss population is around eight millions and the government is a federation, a federal republic and a direct democracy. Their currency is the Swiss Franc, Switzerland is not part of the European Union. Switzerland is known worldwide for watches, chocolate, dairy products like cheese, then banking, tourism, postcard places, skiing, and even the Swiss army knife is very famous.

Pictures describing Switzerland

  
 

The world’s most famous Swiss mathematician is Leonhard Euler.
Considered to be the superior mathematician of the 18th century, Euler also worked in Mechanics, Fluid dynamics, Optics, and Astronomy.
He is the only mathematician to have two numbers named after him, the very important Euler's Number in calculus, e, approximately equal to 2.71828, and the Euler-Mascheroni Constant γ (gamma) sometimes referred to as just "Euler's constant", approximately equal to 0.57721. It is not known whether γ is rational or irrational !!

Euler demonstrated the existence of a line called the Euler line, which is a line formed, in any triangle, by the three points, the first one made with the intersection of the heights,the second one, with the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors, and the last one, the intersection of the medians.
He introduced the concept of a function and was the first to write f(x) to denote the function f applied to the argument x.
Euler introduced The Greek letter Σ for summations, and the letter π, was popularised by Euler, whereas it didn't originate from him.

The Seven Bridges of Königsberg is one of the most important mathematical problems in history. Its negative resolution was completed by Euler, in 1735. The city of Königsberg in Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia) was set on both sides of the Pregel river, and included two large islands which were connected to each other and the mainland by seven bridges. The problem consisted of finding a way to walk all over the city, crossing all the bridges, but each bridge only once. The resolution of this problem helped the foundations of graph theory and prefigured the idea of topology.

Malta's precious Mathematician

Hello Friends, so I chose Malta above all the European countries. And to start, let me give a short introduction about my country.

Malta is a small, island nation in the Mediterranean that is a cultural and geographical stepping-stone between Europe and the countries of North Africa. The capital is Valletta.

The islands of Malta are attractive, somewhat hilly and loaded with beaches, bays and coastlines that invite exploration, but you often have to work to discover their treasures.

Malta is relatively dry and rain falls mainly in the winter. The islands moderate climate attracts visitors in all seasons, but spring and fall are most popular with tourists.

Malta is internationally renowned as a tourist destination, with numerous recreational areas and historical monuments, including nine UNESCO World Heritage Sites, most prominently the Megalithic Temples which are some of the oldest free-standing structures in the world.

Malta's flag and location.

Skyline in Valletta.

& some beautiful places:

And here comes the mathematical part:

The mathematician I chose is Percy Alexander MacMahon.

He was born on 26th September 1854 at Sliema, Malta and died on 25th December 1959 in Bognor Regis, England.  He is a famous mathematician, and he is specially noted in connections with the partitions of numbers and enumerative combinatorics. He also has an military career which started when he was 19 years old. At the beginning he was posted to Madras, India.  But in 1898 he retired from military and he returned to England, and that’s when his mathematical career started.

We know that he received the Royal society’s Royal medal in 1900, the Sylvester medal in 1919 and the Morgan Medal by the London mathematical society in 1923. He was also the president of London Mathematical society from 1894 to 1896.

MacMahon is best known for symmetric function and enumeration of plane partitions.

His 2 volume combinatory analysis was published in 1915/1916 and his theorem, is called McMahon’s Master theorem. It is a result in enumerative combinatorics and linear algebra.

And here is his signature:

Alexander Percy MacMahon

Czech Republic - Krishnan Lohil

Czech Republic 

 Czech Republic is formerly known as Bohemia is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The capital city is Prague. Czech Republic’s official language is Czech and it also has other languages. It has a population of 10,546,000. It’s known for its rich scientific tradition, famous for its love of puppetry and of course number of beer festivals.

Famous monuments in Czech are the following:

-       Dancing house (named Fred and Ginger after the famous dancers Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers because the house resembles a pair of dancers.)

- Vltava River is the longest river in the Czech Republic.        

One of their famous food :

   Roast sirloin beef with steamed dumplings and cream-of-vegetable sauce. (Svíčková na smetaně ) 

Today I’m going to talk about a mathematician in Czech Republic , Bernard Bolzano is a Bohemian mathematician, logician, philosopher, theologian, Catholic priest and antimilitarist of German Mother tongue. 

He gave the first purely analytic proof of the intermediate value theorem also named Bolzano’s theorem. 

I dont know how to explain his theorem so here is the graph that explains his theorem. 

Thank You! 

Krishnan Lohil 1ere Sc